About the Commission

• Background
• Legislative Mandate
• List of Commissioners
• Staff List
  • Staff Roster
  • Staff Biographies
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Contact Information

Publications

• Annual Reports
  
  • 2004 Annual Report
    
    • View the Complete Report (English - Adobe PDF)
    • View the Executive Summary (Chinese - HTML/PDF)
    • View the Commissioner Remarks
      
      • Congressman Leach
    • View the Press Release
  • 2003 Annual Report
    
    • View the Complete Report (English - Adobe PDF)
    • View the Executive Summary (Chinese - HTML)
    • View the Press Release
  • 2002 Annual Report
    
    • View the Complete Report (English - Adobe PDF)
    • View the Executive Summary (Chinese - HTML/PDF)
    • View the Commissioner Comments
      • Senator Baucus
      • Congressman Bereuter
      • Congressman Levin
    • View the Letter to President Bush
• Topic Papers
  
  • Defense Lawyers Turned Defendants: Zhang Jianzhong and the Criminal Prosecution of Defense Lawyers in China (05/27/03)HTML/Adobe PDF
    • Zhang Jianzhong Case Update (March 2004) HTML/Adobe PDF
  • Information Control and Self-Censorship in the PRC and the Spread of SARS (05/06/03) HTML/Adobe PDF
  • The Execution of Lobsang Dondrub and the Case Against Tenzin Deleg: The Law, the Courts, and the Debate on Legality (02/10/03) HTML/Adobe PDF
• Record of Hearings
  
• Record of Roundtables
  
• Speeches and Op-Eds by Commissioners
  
  • Congressman Leach: Library of Congress Symposium (05/06/04)
  • Senator Baucus and Congressman Bereuter: South China Morning Post (10/14/02)
  • Congressman Bereuter: World International Trade Association Speech (04/11/02)
• Correspondence Archive
  
  • U.N. Human Rights Commission Letter
    
  • Letter to President Bush
    
  • Senator Baucus and Congressman Bereuter Letter to the President
    

Press Releases

• Release of Wang Youcai (03/04/04)
• 2004 Annual Report
• 2003 Annual Report
• Letter to President Bush
• Media Advisory (03/04/02)
• Senator Baucus and Congressman Bereuter Letter to the President
• Senator Baucus and Congressman Bereuter Appoint Senior Staff

Virtual Academy

• Human Rights Rule of Law News and Analysis
• Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China
  • Commercial Rule of Law
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Commercial Rule of Law and the WTO Section
      
    • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Impact of the WTO on the Development of the Rule of Law Section
      
    CECC Hearings
    
    • Is China Playing By the Rules? Free Trade, Fair Trade, and WTO Compliance (September 24, 2003)
    • WTO: Will China Keep its Promises? Can it? (June 6, 2002)
      
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • Influencing China's WTO Compliance and Commercial Legal Reform: Beyond Monitoring (April 2, 2004)
    • China and U.S. Agriculture: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards, A Continuing Barrier to Trade? (March 26, 2004)
    • Codes of Conduct: U.S. Corporate Compliance Programs and Working Conditions in Chinese Factories (April 28, 2003)
      
    Useful Links
    
    • China-Related WTO Documents
    • WTO Agreements - WTO Web site
    • China's WTO Obligations - WTO Web site, GAO Web site
    • U.S. Government Organizations Addressing China Trade and Investment Issues
      • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Office for China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mongolia
      • U.S. Embassy in China, Economic Section
      • Department of Commerce
      • U.S International Trade Administration
      • Office of Market Access and Compliance (MAC)
      • U.S. Commercial Service: China Commercial Brief
      • Office of the Chief Counsel for International Commerce
      • U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, General Counsel’s Office
      • U.S. Department of Agriculture
      • Foreign Agricultural Service
      • Country Page, Recent Reports
      • Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy
      • U.S. Trade and Development Agency
      • Export-Import Bank of the United States
        
      • Government Export Portal
    Monitoring China's WTO Compliance
    • U.S. Government Reports, Hearings, and Other Resources on China’s WTO Compliance
      
      • United States Trade Representative’s Annual Report to Congress on China’s WTO Compliance: 2003 Report, 2002 Report
      • United States Trade Representative’s National Trade Estimate Report: 2003 China section, 2002 China section
      • United States Trade Representative’s Special 301 Report on Intellectual Property Protection: 2003 China section
      • General Accounting Office China WTO Reports are available through its Web site
      • Congressional-Executive Commission on China
        Annual reports
        2003, 2002
        Hearings
        
        • Is China Playing By the Rules? Free Trade, Fair Trade, and WTO Compliance (September 24, 2003)
        • WTO: Will China Keep its Promises? Can it? (June 6, 2002)
      • U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
    • Non-Government WTO Compliance Resources
      
      • U.S.-China Business Council
      • American Chamber of Commerce in the People's Republic of China:
        2003 White Paper, 2002 White Paper
        
      • U.S. Chamber of Commerce Two-Year Compliance Report
        
    U.S. Government Organizations Supporting Rule of Law Development in China
    
    • U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL)
      • Call for Letters of Interest for FY 2004
        
      • Past Programs Supported
        
    • U.S. Department of State, Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy in Beijing (PAS)
      
    • U.S. Department of Labor, International Labor Affairs Bureau (ILAB)
      
    • U.S. Department of Commerce: General Counsel’s Office and China Office of the Market Access Compliance Office, International Trade Administration
      
    • U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, General Counsel’s Office
      
    • U.S. Trade and Development Agency
      
    • Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, International Judicial Relations Committee
      
  • Constitutional Reform
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2004 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Constitutional Reform Section
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Legal Restraints on State Power Section (Discusses constitutional reform)
      Criminal Justice Section
      Judicial Reform Section
      
    Other Resources
    
    • The Chinese Constitution (English,amendments through 1999)
    • Chart - March 2004 Constitutional Amendments
    • Chart - Constitutional Law Articles, Selected PRC Law Journals, 2002 to mid-2003
    • Legal Daily Article on the Need for a Constitutional Enforcement Mechanism (Chinese)
  • Criminal Justice
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2004 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Criminal Justice Section
      
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Criminal Justice Section
      Judicial Reform Section
      
    • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Criminal Justice Section
      
    CECC Hearings
    
    • Human Rights in the Context of the Rule of Law (February 7, 2002)
      
    • Taming the Dragon: Can Legal Reform Foster Respect for Human Rights in China? (April 11, 2002)
      
    CECC Topic Papers
    
    • Defense Lawyers Turned Defendants: Zhang Jianzhong and the Criminal Prosecution of Defense Lawyers in China (May 27, 2003)
      
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • After the Detention and Death of Sun Zhigang: Prisons, Detention, and Torture in China (October 27, 2003)
      
    • China's Criminal Justice System (July 26, 2002)
      
    Selected PRC Legal Provisions
    
    • Criminal Justice
    • Judicial Reform
    • Searchable Database of Chinese Laws and Regulations
    Related Links (U.S. Government)
    
    • U.S. Department of State, China
    • U.S. Department of State 2003 Human Rights Report, China
    • The American Embassy in China
    Related Links (PRC Government)
    
    • Ministry of Justice
    • Supreme People's Court
    • Supreme People's Procuratorate
    • Ministry of Public Security
    • China Court Net (Ch)
    • China Court Net (En)
    • People's Court Daily
    • Procuratorial Daily
    • Legal Daily
    • China Society For Human Rights Studies
    Related Links (Non-Governmental)
    
    • Amnesty International
    • China Labour Bulletin
    • The Dui Hua Foundation
    • Human Rights in China
    • Human Rights Watch: China and Tibet
    • International Republican Institute
    • The Laogai Research Foundation
    • Lawyers Committee for Human Rights
    • National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
    • National Endowment for Democracy
    • United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
    • Wei Jingsheng Foundation
  • Freedom of Expression
    Defining Terms
    
    • Protected versus Unprotected Speech
    • Freedom of Expression
    • Freedom of Speech
    • Freedom of "the Press" and Freedom of "Publication"
    How Chinese Authorities Suppress Freedom of Expression
    
    • Who Are China's Censors?
      • General Administration of Press and Publication
      • State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television
      • Central Propaganda Department
      • Public Security Bureau
      • Customs
      • State Secrets Bureau
      • China's Judges
    • Censorship in China: Using Prior Restraints to Prevent Critics from Speaking
      • Legislative
      • Political
      • Psychological
      • Technological
    • Censorship in China: Using Criminal Punishments to Silence Critics
      • National Security Laws
      • State Secrets Laws
    • Censorship in China: Restricting Access to Information that the Communist Party Cannot Control
      • Blocking
      • Filtering
      • Monitoring
    Special Topics
    
    • Flow charts comparing the choices and consequences authors in China and the United States face when trying to publish their works
      
    • When China's Government Compares itself to the Rest of the World: A Focus on Quantity, not Freedom
      
    • How Chinese Authorities Treat the Right to Freedom of Expression as a Political Privilege
      • Greatest Rights for the Ideological Elite
      • Limited Rights for China's Intellectual and Professional Elite
      • Below the Censor's Radar: English Language Web sites
      • Freedom of Publication with Chinese Socialist Characteristics: Only the Wealthy can become Publishers
      • For the Average Chinese Citizen, No Right to Publish, only the Right to Submit
        
    • Suppression of Freedom of Expression and the 2002 SARS Outbreak
    Resources
    
    • Legislation Affecting Freedom of Expression in China
      • International Treaties, Covenants, and Agreements
      • Domestic Law Providing a Foundation for Freedom of Expression
      • Legislation Creating Prior Restraints on Publishing
      • National Security Legislation used to Persecute Political Activists
      • Vague and Overbroad Legislation that Creates a Chilling Effect on Free Speech
    • Links to Additional Information
      • CECC Links (includes links to papers and roundtables focusing on freedom of expression)
        
      • Third Party Links
    • US Law on Freedom of Expression
      
      • Philosophical Basis
      • Adoption and the Common Law Background
      • Difference Between Speech and Press
      • The Doctrine of Prior Restraint
      • US Case Law Affecting Freedom of Expression
        
  • Freedom of Religion
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Religious Freedom Section
    • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Religious Freedom Section
    CECC Hearings
    
    • Will Religion Flourish Under China's New Leadership? (July 24, 2003)
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • Open Forum on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (September 8, 2003)
    • Roundtable on Religious Freedom (March 25, 2002)
    Links to Non-PRC Government Controlled Web sites
    
    • Amity Foundation
    • The Cardinal Kung Foundation
    • China Aid Association
    • Falun Dafa
    • Free Church For China
    • Freedom House Center for Religious Freedom
    • United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
    • U.S. Catholic China Bureau
  • Labor Rights
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Labor Rights Section
    • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Labor Rights Section
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • Freedom of Association for Chinese Workers (July 7, 2003)
    • Codes of Conduct: U.S. Corporate Compliance Programs and Working Conditions in Chinese Factories (April 28, 2003)
    • Health and Safety in Chinese Workplaces (November 7, 2002)
    • Issues Roundtable on Labor Rights in China (March 18, 2002)
    Links to Non-Governmental/ Non-Profit Labor Organization Web Sites
    
    • Labor and Human Rights Groups
      • Center for Reflection, Education and Action
      • China Labour Bulletin
      • China Labor Watch
      • Global Exchange
      • Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee
      • Human Rights in China
      • Human Rights Watch
      • International Labor Rights Fund
      • Labor Rights Now!
      • Maquila Solidarity Network
      • National Labor Committee
    • Labor Standards/ Monitoring Organizations
      • Fair Labor Association
      • Global Alliance for Workers and Communities
      • Social Accountability International
      • Verité
      • Workers Rights Consortium
    • Trade Unions
      • Hong Kong International Confederation of Trade Unions
      • UNITE
    Links to PRC Government Authorized Web Sites
    
    • Government Sites
      • All China Federation of Trade Unions
      • PRC Ministry of Labor and Social Security
    Links to Corporate Social Responsibility Web Sites
    
    • General CSR
      • Business for Social Responsibility
      • Business Human Rights Resource Centre
      • Global Reporting Initiative
    • Socially Responsible Investors
      • CalPERS Shareowner Forum
      • Calvert Group
      • Domini Social Investments
      • Groupe Investissiment Responsable
  • Property Rights
    News and Analysis
    
    • China to Lift Temporary Suspension of Land Sales (10/26)
    • Property Law Encourages the Creation of Individual Wealth (10/25)
    • NPC Standing Committee Slated to Discuss Draft Laws on Property, Public Order, and Bankruptcy (10/22)
    • Ministry of Land and Resources Reports that Reform of Land Management Bureaus to Be Completed By Year End, State Council Express Further Concern About Land Abuses (10/20)
    • Land Seizures Fueling Unrest in China, Party Responds by Prohibiting Domestic Media Reports (10/12)
    • CASS Scholar Yu Jianrong on Shift in Focus of Peasant Activism from Taxes to Property Rights (9/20)
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2004 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Forced Evictions and Land Requisitions Section
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • Property Seizure in China: Politics, Law, and Protest (June 21, 2004)
    • Ownership with Chinese Characteristics: Private Property Rights and Land Reform in the PRC (February 3, 2003)
    Other Resources
    Table of Recent Property Rights Protests Government Regulations and Circulars Related to Property Takings (English Translations and Chinese Texts)
    
    • Urban Housing Demolition and Relocation Management Regulations (June 6, 2001)
      
    • Urgent Notice on Earnestly Conducting Housing Demolition and Relocation Work in Cities and Towns and Safeguarding Social Stability (September 19, 2003)
      
    • Urban Housing Demolition and Relocation Administrative Adjudication Work Rules (December 23, 2003)
      
    • Notice on Controlling the Scope of Housing Demolition and Relocation in Cities and Towns and Tightening Up Demolition and Relocation Management (June 6, 2004)
  • Rule of Law
    The Commission's legislative mandate
    
    • Administrative Law
      Annual Reports
      
      • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
        Legal Restraints on Government Power Section
      • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
        Administrative Law Section
      CECC Hearings
      
      • Human Rights in the Context of the Rule of Law (February 7, 2002)
    • Courts and Judicial Reform
    • Constitutional Reform
      CECC Annual Reports
      
      • 2004 Annual Report - Complete Report
        Constitutional Reform Section
      • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
        Legal Restraints on State Power Section (Discusses constitutional reform)
        Criminal Justice Section
        Judicial Reform Section
      Other Resources
      
      • The Chinese Constitution (English,amendments through 1999)
      • The Chinese Constitution (Chinese,amendments through 1999)
      • Chart - March 2004 Constitutional Amendments
      • Chart - Constitutional Law Articles, Selected PRC Law Journals, 2002 to mid-2003
      • Legal Daily Article on the Need for a Constitutional Enforcement Mechanism (Chinese)
    • Criminal Law
    • Legal Aid
    • The Legal Profession
    • Legislative Reform
      CECC Annual Reports
      
      • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
        Legislative Reform Section
      Papers and Monographs from U.S. and Chinese Experts
      
      • Legal Implementation in the People's Republic of China: The Case of the Company Law, by John Balzano
    • Non-Governmental Organizations
    • Private Property
      News and Analysis
      
      • Chinese Legal Experts Discuss Draft Property Law and Prospects for Adoption by the NPC (10/28)
      • Legal Scholar Wang Liming Reviews Nine Key Points in the Draft Property Law and Issues to Be Resolved (10/28)
      • China to Lift Temporary Suspension of Land Sales (10/26)
      • NPC Standing Committee Slated to Discuss Draft Laws on Property, Public Order, and Bankruptcy (10/22)
      • Ministry of Land and Resources Reports that Reform of Land Management Bureaus to Be Completed By Year End, State Council Express Further Concern About Land Abuses (10/20)
      • Land Seizures Fueling Unrest in China, Party Responds by Prohibiting Domestic Media Reports (10/12)
      • CASS Scholar Yu Jianrong on Shift in Focus of Peasant Activism from Taxes to Property Rights (9/20)
      Annual Reports
      
      • 2004 Annual Report - Complete Report
        Forced Evictions and Land Requisitions Section
      Roundtables
      
      • Property Seizure in China: Politics, Law, and Protest (June 21, 2004)
      • Ownership with Chinese Characteristics: Private Property Rights and Land Reform in the PRC (February 3, 2003)
      Other Resources
      
      • Table of Recent Property Rights Protests (last updated October 2004)
      • Government Regulations and Circulars Related to Property Takings (English Translations and Chinese Texts)
        • Urban Housing Demolition and Relocation Management Regulations (June 6, 2001)
        • Urgent Notice on Earnestly Conducting Housing Demolition and Relocation Work in Cities and Towns and Safeguarding Social Stability (September 19, 2003)
        • Urban Housing Demolition and Relocation Administrative Adjudication Work Rules (December 23, 2003)
        • Notice on Controlling the Scope of Housing Demolition and Relocation in Cities and Towns and Tightening Up Demolition and Relocation Management (June 6, 2004)
      Related Links
      
      English Language Sites
      • Human Rights Watch Research Paper on Forced Evictions
      • Human Rights In China Article on Forced Evictions
      • Walter Hutchens' China Blog (focus on PRC securities and corporate law)
      • Rural Development Institute China Program
      • Baker McKenzie China Property Legal Update
      • Yale China Law Center
      • National Public Radio Report on Property Rights in China
      • PRC Ministry of Land and Resources (English)
      • CATO Institute Resources on Privatization and Economic Reform in China
        Chinese Language Sites
      • Open Constitution Initiative Page on Forced Evictions
      • PRC Ministry of Land and Resources
    • Village Elections
  • Tibet
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Tibet Section
    • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Tibet Section
    CECC Topic Papers
    
    • The Execution of Lobsang Dondrub and the Case Against Tenzin Deleg: the Law, The Courts, and the Debate on Legality (February 10, 2003)
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • Teaching and Learning Tibetan: The Role of the Tibetan Language in Tibet's Future (April 7, 2003)
    • Open Forum on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (March 10, 2003)
    • Ethnic Minorities in China: Tibetans and Uighurs (June 10, 2002)
  • Uighurs
    CECC Annual Reports
    
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Xinjiang-Uighurs Section
    • 2002 Annual Report - Complete Report
      Xinjiang-Uighurs Section
    CECC Hearings
    
    • Will Religion Flourish Under China's New Leadership? (July 24, 2003)
    • Taming the Dragon: Can Legal Reform Foster Respect for Human Rights in China? (April 11, 2002)
    • Human Rights in the Context of the Rule of Law (February 7, 2002)
    CECC Roundtables
    
    • Open Forum on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (September 8, 2003)
    • Open Forum on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (March 10, 2003)
    • Open Forum on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (August 5, 2002)
    • Ethnic Minorities in China: Tibetans and Uighurs (June 10, 2002)
    Links to Third Party Web sites and Papers on Xinjiang-Uighurs
    
    • Uyghur Information Agency
    • East Turkistan Information Center
    • International Taklamakan Human Rights Association
    • Uyghur American Association (UAA)
    • Uighur U.K. Association (UUA)
    • Uygur World
    • Human Rights Watch Background Paper on "China: Human Rights Concerns in Xinjiang"
      , Published October 2001 (Click here for PDF Version - 30 KB)
    • Human Rights Watch Background Paper on "Xinjiang, China's Restive Northwest", Published November 2000
    Links to PRC Government Web sites and Papers on Xinjiang-Uighurs
    
    • Government White Paper on "History and Development in Xinjiang", Published May 2003
    • Government White Paper on "National Minorities Policy and Its Practice in China", Published June 2000
    Educational Institutions
    
    In China
    • Central University for Nationalities(Unofficial English site), Beijing
    • Xinjiang University
      Urumqi In the U.S.
    • The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC
    • The Program on Central Asia and the Caucasus, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
• China's Government - General Background
  • China's Constitutional Framework
    • Constitution of the People's Republic of China (English) (Adopted on December 4, 1982)
    • Constitution of the People's Republic of China (Chinese)
  • Government Leaders
  • Government Structure
• China's Society
  
  • Health and Welfare
    • CECC Annual Reports
    • 2003 Annual Report - Complete Report
      HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Public Health Section
    • Facts and Figures
    • General Health and Safety Issues
    • Avian Flu (a.k.a. "Bird Flu")
    • SARS CECC Topic Paper
      Information Control and Self-Censorship in the PRC and the Spread of SARSCECC Roundtables
      
      • Dangerous Secret: SARS and China's Health Care System (May 12, 2003)
      Third Party Resources
      
      • WHO SARS Updates
      • US Centers for Disease Control
      • Infectious Diseases Society of America
      • PRC Centers for Disease Control (Chinese)
    • HIV/AIDS
      Roundtables
      
      • China