Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese and English Text)

Issuer: 
National People's Congress

中文版


The following text was retrieved from the China Mining Association Web site on February 19, 2013. The Chinese text was retrieved from the State Oceanic Administration of the People's Republic of China Web site on February 19, 2013.
 

The Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China

(Adopted at the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress on August 23, 1982 and effective as of March 1, 1983, and revised at the 13th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on December 25, 1999)

Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1 This law is formulated for the purposes of protecting and improving the marine environment, conserving marine resources, preventing pollution damages, maintaining ecological balance, safeguarding human health and promoting sustainable economic and social development

Article 2 This law shall apply to the internal water, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the People's Republic of China and any other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China. Any units and individuals engaging in navigation, exploration, exploitation, production, tourism, scientific research and other operations in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, or engaging in activities in the coastal areas which have impact on the marine environment shall be subject to this law. The activities engaged in the areas beyond the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China that cause pollution to the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China also shall be subject to this Law

Article 3 The State shall establish and implement the system to control the total pollution load for sea disposal in major sea areas, determine the standards to control the total load of main pollutants for sea disposal and control the pollution load for sea disposal assigned for main pollution sources. Specific measures for implementation shall be formulated by the State Council

Article 4 Any units and individuals has the obligation to protect the marine environment and enjoys the right to watch for and report on actions causing pollution damage to the marine environment by any units and individuals, as well as on illegal acts of neglect of duty by staff who are in charge of marine environmental supervision and administration

Article 5 The competent authority being in charge of environmental protection directly under the State Council, as a department to exercise unified supervision and administration over nationwide marine environmental protection, shall be in charge of guidance, co-ordination and supervision and be responsible for nationwide environmental protection to prevent and control marine pollution damages caused by land-based pollutants and coastal construction projects. The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of the marine environment, organizing survey, surveillance, supervision, assessment and scientific research of the marine environment and be responsible for nation-wide environmental protection to prevent and control marine pollution damages caused by marine construction projects, and dumping of wastes at sea. The State competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of marine environmental pollution caused by non-military vessels inside the port waters and non-fishery vessels and non-military vessels outside the port waters under its jurisdiction, and be responsible for the investigation and handling of the pollution accidents. In the case of a pollution caused by a foreign vessel navigating, berthing and anchoring, and operating in the sea area under the jurisdiction of the people's Republic of China, the authority shall board the vessel in question to inspect and handle the case. With regarding to the pollution accidents caused by vessels cause damages to fishery, the competent authority being in charge of fisheries shall participate in the investigation and handling of the accident. The State competent authority begin in charge of fisheries shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of marine environmental pollution caused by non-military vessels inside the fishing port waters and the fishing vessels outside the fishing port waters, and be responsible for the preservation of ecological environment in the fishing waters and inspect and handle fishery pollution cases beyond the pollution accidents mentioned in the above clause. The environmental protection department of the Armed Forces shall be responsible for supervision and administration of marine pollution caused by military vessels and for the inspection and handling of the pollution cases by military vessels. The responsibilities of the departments invested with the power of supervision and administration of the marine environment of the coastal local People's Governments at or above the County level shall be determined by the People's Governments of the Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities in accordance with this law and relevant regulations issued by the State Council

Chapter 2 Supervision and Administration of the Marine Environment

Article 6 The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs, in conjunction with relevant departments directly under the State Council and the People's Governments of the Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities in the coastal area, shall work out the national marine functional zoning and submit to the State Council for approval. The coastal local People's Governments at various levels shall, in accordance with the national and local marine functional zoning, develop the sea areas in a scientific and rational way

Article 7 The State shall draw up, in accordance with the marine functional zoning, the national marine environmental protection plan and regional marine environmental protection plans for major sea area. Relevant People's Governments of the Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities adjacent to major sea areas and the departments invested with the power of supervision and administration of the marine environment may establish regional co-operative organizations in marine environmental protection, which are responsible for implementing regional marine environmental protection plans for major sea areas, prevention of marine environmental pollution and marine ecological protection

Article 8 Trans-regional issues on marine environmental protection shall be dealt with through consultation by relevant coastal local People's Governments or to be settled through consultation by the People's governments at the upper level. Major cross-sectoral issues on marine environmental protection shall be co-ordinated by the competent authority being in charge of environmental protection directly under the State Council. If failure to be settled through co-ordination, it shall be submitted to the State Council for decision

Article 9 The State shall work out national marine environmental quality standards on the basis of status of the marine environmental quality, and the State's economic and technological level. The People's Governments of coastal Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities may work out local marine environmental quality standards for items not provided in the national marine environmental quality standards. The coastal local People's Governments at various levels shall, in accordance with the requirements laid down in the national and local marine environmental quality standards and environmental quality conditions of coastal waters adjacent to their respective administrative areas, determine targets and tasks of marine environmental protection in the work plan of the People's Governments and are responsible for the implementation in accordance with corresponding marine environmental quality standards

Article 10 National and local marine environmental quality standards shall be one of the important foundations in working out national and local water based pollutant discharge standards. In determination of water based pollutant discharge standards for the major sea areas where the State has established and implemented the system to control the total pollution load for ocean disposal, the indexes to control the total load of main pollutants for ocean disposal shall also be taken as an important basis

Article 11 Any units and individuals discharging directly pollutants into the sea shall, in accordance with the State regulations, pay pollutant discharge fees. Those who conduct ocean dumping shall, in accordance with the State regulations, pay dumping fees. Pollutant discharge fees and dumping fees levied in accordance with the provisions provided in this law must be used for the prevention and control of marine environmental pollution and shall not be appropriated for any other purposes. Concrete measures shall be formulated by the State Council

Article 12 Those who discharge in excess of pollutant discharge standards, or fail to attain the quota of reducing pollutant discharge within a fixed period, or cause serious pollution damage to the marine environment, shall be requested to tackled the pollution within a fixed time. The decision of tackling the pollution within a deadline shall be made in accordance with the limit of the jurisdiction determined by the State Council

Article 13 The State shall strengthen research and development of science and technology in prevention and control of marine environmental pollution damages, and shall put into practice the system of eliminating those out-of-date production techniques and out-of-date equipments which cause serious pollution damage to the marine environment. Enterprises shall give priority in introducing clean energies and adopting clean production technology with high resources utilization ratio and less pollutant discharges, so as to prevent the marine environment from pollution

Article 14 The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall, in accordance with State environmental monitoring and supervisory norms and standards, administer the investigation, monitoring and supervision of nation-wide marine environment, formulate specific measures of implementation, organize nation-wide marine environment monitoring and supervision network in conjunction with relevant departments, assess marine environmental quality periodically and issue the bulletin of ocean surveillance and supervision. Departments invested by this law with the power of marine environmental supervision and administration shall be responsible for the monitoring and supervision of the water areas under their respective jurisdiction. Other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the assignment by nation-wide marine environmental monitoring network, be respectively responsible for monitoring the estuaries and outlets of the main pollutant discharge

Article 15 Relevant departments of the State Council shall provide the competent authority being in charge of environmental protection directly under the State Council with marine environmental monitoring data necessary for the formulation of national environmental quality bulletin. The competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection shall provide relevant departments with data relating to marine environmental supervision and administration

Article 16 The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall, in accordance with regimes on environmental monitoring and supervision information management formulated by the State, be responsible for managing the comprehensive marine information system and serving for the supervision and administration of marine environmental protection

Article 17 Any units and individuals causing or being likely to result in marine environmental pollution by accidents or other incidents must immediately take effective measures, timely inform of those potential victims, report to the departments invested by this law with the power of marine environmental supervision and administration and be subject to investigation and handling. Coastal local People's Governments at or above the County level must, when the environment of coastal waters adjacent to their administrative zones are polluted seriously, take effective measures to eliminate or mitigate pollution damage

Article 18 The State shall, on the basis of the necessity of preventing marine environment from pollution, draw up State contingency plans of major marine pollution accidents. The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall be responsible for drawing up the national contingency plans concerning serious oil-spill from offshore oil exploration and exploitation and submit to the State competent authority being in charge of environmental protection for registration. The State competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs shall be responsible for drawing up the national contingency plans concerning serious oil-spill from vessels, and submit to the State competent authority in charge of environmental protection for registration. Any coastal units which is likely to cause marine environmental pollution accidents shall, in accordance with the State regulations, draw up contingency plans concerning serious pollution accidents, and submit to local competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection and marine affairs respectively for registration. Coastal local People's Governments at or above the County level and the relevant departments must, in happening the serious pollution accident at the sea, take effective measures to eliminate or mitigate pollution damage, in accordance with the contingency plans

Article 19 Departments invested by this law with the power of supervision and administration of the marine environment may jointly enforce the law at the sea. In the course of surveillance and supervision, discovering pollution accident or act of violating the provisions of this law, they should take measures to stop it, conduct on-the-spot investigation and collect evidence, and have the power to take effective measures to prevent the deterioration of pollution, if necessary, and report to relevant competent authorities to handle the case. Departments invested by this law with the power of supervision and administration of the marine environment have the power to enter the units and individuals discharging pollutants within the sphere of their jurisdiction for on-the-spot inspection. Those inspected shall report the true situation and provide necessary date. Inspection departments should keep the technical and business secrets of those inspected

Chapter 3 Marine Ecological Conservation

Article 20 The State Council and local People's Governments at various levels shall take effective measures to protect such typical and representative marine ecosystems as mangroves, coral reefs, coastal wetlands, islands, bays, estuaries, important fishery waters, sea areas where rare and endangered marine organisms live naturally and densely, and sea areas where marine organisms with important economic value live, and marine relics and natural landscapes with major scientific and cultural significance. If marine ecosystems of important economic and social values have been damaged, efforts shall be made to renovate and restore them

Article 21 Relevant departments directly under the State Council and coastal People's Governments at the Provincial level shall, according to the requirements of marine ecosystem protection, select and establish marine nature reserves. The establishment of a national marine nature reserve shall be subject to the State Council for approval

Article 22 A marine nature reserve shall be established under any of the following conditions; 1. Typical marine physiographic areas, representative natural ecosystem areas, as well as areas of natural ecosystems of which natural ecosystem have been damaged to some extent, but may be recovered through protection efforts; 2. Areas with higher marine biodiversity, or areas where rare and endangered marine species are naturally and densely distributed; 3. Sea areas, seashores, islands, coastal wetlands, estuaries, and bays, etc. With special protection values; 4. Areas where marine natural remains of great scientific and cultural values are located; 5. Other areas where special protection is necessary

Article 23 Areas with special geographic conditions, ecosystems, living or non-living resources, and areas where special protection is necessary for marine exploration and exploitation may be determined as marine special reserves to be specially managed through effective protection measures and scientific development methods

Article 24 Exploration and exploitation of marine resources shall be rationally arranged in accordance with marine functional zoning, and shall not bring about damages to marine ecological environment

Article 25 The introduction of marine species shall be subject to scientific assessment to avoid to cause damages to marine ecosystems

Article 26 Strict ecological protection measures shall be taken, and no damages to island topography, seashore and beach, vegetation and ecological environment of the surrounding sea areas of the islands shall be allowed, when the exploitation of resources of islands and surrounding sea areas are conducted

Article 27 Coastal local People's Governments at various levels shall, combined with the characteristics of local natural environments, construct coastal protection installations, coastal shelter belts, gardens and greenlands in the coastal cities and towns, and undertake comprehensive treatment over the area with erosion and sea water intrusion. Destruction of seashore protection installations, coastal shelter belts and gardens and greenlands in the coastal cities and towns are forbidden

Article 28 The State shall encourage and promote to develop ecological fisheries, popularize various ecological fisheries production methods and improve marine ecological conditions. Environmental impact assessment shall be requested for new construction, reconstruction and extension of mariculture fields. The density of aquiculture shall be determined in a scientific way for marine aquiculture, and feed used rationally, and manure used rationally, and medicines taken accurately, so as to prevent the marine environment from pollution

Chapter 4 Prevention and Control of pollution Damage to the Marine Environment by Land-based Pollutants

Article 29 The discharge of land-based pollutants into the sea shall strictly be conducted in compliance with the standards and relevant regulations laid down by the State and Local governments

Article 30 The selection of location of pollutant discharge outlets into the sea shall be determined in accordance with marine functional zoning, dynamic conditions of sea water and relevant regulations, and shall, after completing scientific assessment, submit to the competent authority being in charge of environmental protection under the People's Governments at or above the level of the City which districts have been established for examination and approval. The competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection must, before approving the setting up of pollutant discharge outlets into the sea, ask the competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs, maritime affairs and fisheries as well as environment protection department of the Armed Forces for comment. No new pollutant discharge outlets shall be allowed to be established within marine nature reserves, important fishery waters, coastal historic sites and scenic spots, and other areas where special protection are necessary. If conditions are suitable, pollutant discharge outlets shall be built in the deep sea so as to discharge in a relative long offshore distance way. The installation of land-based pollutant discharge outlets in the deep sea shall be determined in accordance with marine functional zoning, dynamic conditions of sea water and conditions of seabed engineering facilities. Specific measures for implementation shall be formulated by the State Council

Article 31 The competent authorities being in charge of environment protection and the competent authorities being in charge of water resources under the People's Governments of the Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities shall, in accordance with relevant laws on the prevention and control of water pollution, strengthen the control of rivers that enter into the sea to prevent pollution and ensure good quality of the water in the estuaries

Article 32 Units discharging land-based pollutants shall report to the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection land-based pollutant discharge facilities and treatment facilities owned by them, the types, quantities and concentration of the discharged land-based pollutants under normal operation conditions, and shall provide relevant technologies and data relating to the prevention and control of marine environmental pollution. In case of any major changes in the types, quantities and concentration of the discharged land-based pollutants, report shall be made in time. Dismantling or setting aside land-based pollutant treatment installations must be consent by the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection in advance

Article 33 It is forbidden to discharge oils, acid liquids, alkaline liquids, hypertoxic waste liquids and waste water containing high/medium level radioactive matters into the sea areas. The discharge of waste water containing low-level radioactive matters into the sea areas shall be strictly controlled; If necessary, it shall be conducted in strict compliance with the State regulations concerning radiation prevention. The discharge of sewage containing persistent organisms and waste water containing heavy metals shall be strictly controlled

Article 34 No medical sewage carrying pathogens, domestic sewage and industrial waste water can be discharged into sea areas before properly treated in meeting with relevant discharge standards of the State

Article 35 The discharge of both industrial waste water and domestic sewage containing organic and nutrient matters into bays, semi-closed seas and other sea areas with low capacities of self-purification shall be strictly controlled

Article 36 In discharging thermal waste water into sea areas, effective measures shall be taken to ensure the water temperature in the adjacent fishing waters to meet marine environmental quality standards of the State in order to avoid damage to fishery resources by thermal pollution

Article 37 The use of chemical pesticides in coastal farmlands and forest farms shall be subject to the State provisions and standards governing the safe use of pesticides. Coastal farmlands and forest farms shall use chemical fertilizer and plant growth regulators in a rational way

Article 38 The discarding, piling up and disposal of mining tailings, waste ores, cinders, garbage and other solid wastes along seashores and beaches shall be conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environment Pollution Caused by Solid Wastes"

Article 39 It is prohibited to transport and transfer dangerous wastes through the internal waters and territorial sea of the People's Republic of China. The transportation and transfer of dangerous wastes through other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall be consent in written by the competent authorities being in charge of environment protection under the State Council in advance

Article 40 People's Governments of coastal Cities shall construct and perfect city drainage pipeline networks, city sewage treatment plants or other sewage concentrated treatment facilities in a planned way and strengthen comprehensive control and management of urban sewage. Construction of ocean based sewage treatment facilities shall be conducted in compliance with relevant regulations of the State

Article 41 The State shall take necessary measures to prevent, reduce and control marine environmental pollution damage from of through atmosphere

Chapter 5 Prevention and Control of Pollution Damage to the Marine Environment by Coastal Construction Projects

Article 42 New coastal construction projects, extentions or reconstruction projects must be built in compliance with relevant State regulations relating to environmental protection administration of construction projects and shall put the capital necessary for the prevention and control of pollution into construction project investment plan. No coastal construction projects or any other operations that may cause pollution to environment and damage to landscape shall be allowed within marine nature reserves, coastal historic sites and scenic spots, important fishery water and other areas where special protection are necessary delimited by law

Article 43 Units under taking coastal construction projects must, when conducting the project feasibility study, conduct scientific surveys of the marine environment, select suitable sites rationally in the light of natural and social conditions and formulate and submit environmental impact assessments. The environmental impact assessments shall, after examined by the competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs, be submitted to the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection for examination and approval. The competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection must, before issuing the approval of the environmental impact assessment, ask the competent authorities being in charge of maritime affairs and fisheries as well as the environmental protection department of the Armed Forces for comment

Article 44 Environmental protection installations of the coastal construction projects shall be designed, built and put into operation together with the principle part of the construction project simultaneously. The construction projects shall not be put into trial operation without inspection and approval by the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection. Before the environmental protection installations are examined and approved by the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection of considered to fail to be up to standards after having been checked, the construction projects shall not be commissioned or used

Article 45 It is prohibited to construct new industrial projects that do not take effective pollution treatment measures in the coastal land areas, such as chemical pulp and paper mill, chemical plant, printing and dyeing mill, tannery, electroplating mill, brewery, oil refinery, beach ship-dismembering as well as other projects which cause serious marine environmental pollution

Article 46 In building coastal construction projects, effective measures must be taken to protect wild animals and plants and their living environment as well as fishery resources under State and local particular protection. It is strictly prohibited to excavate sand and gravels in the seashores. In conducting open seaside placer mining and well drilling on the coast for exploiting seabed mineral resources, effective measures must be taken to prevent the marine environment from pollution

Chapter 6 Prevention and Control of Pollution Damage to the Marine Environment by Marine Construction Projects

Article 47 The execution of marine construction projects must conform to marine functional zoning, marine environmental protection plan and relevant State environmental protection standards. When conducting the project feasibility study, marine environmental impact assessment shall be formulated and submitted to the competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs for examination and approval, and submitted to the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection for registration and be subject to the supervision of the competent authorities being in charge of environmental protection. The competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs must, before the examination and approval of the marine environmental impact assessment, ask the competent authorities being in charge of maritime affairs and fisheries as well as the environmental protection department of the Armed Forces for comment

Article 48 Environmental protection installations of marine construction projects shall be designed, built and put into operation together with the principle part of the construction projects simultaneously. The construction projects shall not be put into trial operation without inspection and approval by the competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs. Before the environmental protection installations are examined and approved by the competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs or considered to fail to be up to standards after having been checked, the construction projects shall not be commissioned or used. Dismantling or setting aside the environmental protection installations must be consent by the competent authorities being in charge of marine affairs in advance

Article 49 Marine construction projects shall not use materials containing radioactivity in excess of standards or materials containing toxic and harmful substance easy to dissolve in the water

Article 50 In case explosive operations are necessary for the execution of marine construction projects, effective measures must be taken to protect marine resources. In the course of offshore oil exploration and exploitation as well as transportation of oil, effective measures must be taken to avoid outbreak of oil-spill

Article 51 Oily waste water and oil mixtures from offshore oil drilling vessels, drilling platforms and oil extraction platforms may be discharged into the sea only after proper treatment have been conducted and up to discharge standards. Residual and waste oil shall be recovered and must not be discarded into the sea. When they are discarded after treatment, the oil content of them may not exceed the standards laid down by the State. Oil-based mud and toxic compound mud used in drilling operations must not be disposed into the sea. The discharge of water-based mud, non-toxic compound mud and rig metal filings must conform to relevant provisions of the State

Article 52 Offshore oil drilling vessels, drilling platforms, oil extraction platforms and other relevant installations at the sea must not dispose of oil-containing industrial garbage into sea areas. The disposal of other industrial garbage shall not cause pollution to the marine environment

Article 53 In conducting offshore well testing, the oil and gas shall be thoroughly burned. Oil and oil mixtures must not be discharged into the sea

Article 54 In conducting exploration and exploitation of offshore oil, contingency plans for oil-spill shall be drawn up and submitted to the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs for examination and approval

Chapter 7 Prevention and Control of Pollution Damage to the Marine Environment by Dumping of Wastes

Article 55 No unit is permitted, without approval of the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs, to dump any wastes into the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China. Units that need to dump wastes may conduct dumping wastes into the sea only after they have submitted an application in written form to the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs, and the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs has examined and approved the application and issued a permit. Wastes outside the boundaries of the People’s Republic of China are prohibited to dump into the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China

Article 56 The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall, in accordance with the toxicity of the wastes, the content of poisonous substances and the degree of impact on marine environment, formulate assessing procedures and standards regarding dumping of wastes into the sea. Dumping of wastes into the sea shall be managed in accordance with the categories and quantities of the wastes. The list of wastes permitted to dump into the sea shall be work out by the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs, and commented by the competent authority being in charge of environment protection directly under the State Council, and then submit to the State Council for approval

Article 57 The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall, in accordance with scientific, rational, economic and safety principles, select and map out ocean dumping zones and submit it to the competent authority being in charge of environmental protection directly under the State Council for comment, and then submit to the State Council for approval. Temporary ocean dumping zones any be approved by the State competent being in charge of marine affairs and shall be submit to the competent authority being in charge of environmental protection directly under the State Council for registration. The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs must, in selecting and mapping out ocean dumping zones, and before approving temporary ocean dumping zones, ask the State competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs and fisheries for comment

Article 58 The State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall supervise and manage the use of ocean dumping zones, and organize environmental monitoring of the ocean dumping zones. Upon Confirming that a dumping zone is no longer suitable to be used, the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs shall close it down to stop all dumping activities in the ocean dumping zone and report to the State Council for the registration

Article 59 Units granted to dump wastes must carry out in accordance with the time limit and conditions set down in the permit and carry out dumping in the designated area. After the wastes have been loaded, the department issuing a grant shall check and verify

Article 60 Units granted to dump wastes shall record down the details of dumping and submit a written report to the department issuing a grant after dumping. The vessels loading wastes must report to the competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs of the departure port

The incineration of wastes at the sea is forbidden. Disposal of wastes with radioactivity and other substances that are radioactive at the sea is forbidden. Exemption density of radioactivity in the waste shall be determined by the State Council

Chapter 8 Prevention and Control of Pollution Damage to the Marine Environment by Vessels and Their Related Operations

Article 62 No vessels and their related operations shall, in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China, discharge pollutants, wastes, ballast water, vessel garbage and other harmful substances into the sea in violation of the provisions of this law. Those who engage in the business of collection of pollutants, wastes, garbage from vessel, and the operation of vessel cabin cleaning and washing must possess corresponding capacities of pollutant collection and treatment

Article 63 Vessels must, in accordance with relevant regulations, possess certificates and documents for the prevention of pollution to marine environment and make factual records in conducting pollutant discharging and other operations

Article 64 Vessels must be equipped with corresponding pollution prevention facilities and equipment. For vessels loaded cargoes containing pollution damages, its structures and equipment shall be able to prevent or reduce pollution to the marine environment by the loaded cargoes

Article 65 Vessels shall comply with the provisions provided in the marine traffic law and regulations and prevent maritime accidents of collision, running on rocks, stranding, fire or explosion, etc. To cause pollution to the marine environment/

Article 66 The State shall perfect and put into practice responsibility system of civil liability compensation for oil pollution by vessel, and shall establish insurance system of oil pollution by vessel, compensation fund system of oil pollution by vessel in accordance with the principles of sharing of owners of the vessel and the cargo of the compensation liabilities for oil pollution by vessel. Specific measures for the implementation of insurance of oil pollution by vessel, and the system of compensation fund of oil pollution by vessel shall be formulated by the State Council respectively

Article 67 For vessels loaded cargoes with pollution damage sailing in and out of the port, the carrier, owner of the cargo or his agent must apply and report to the competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs in advance. The vessels may sail in and out of the port, and transit berthing or conduct loading and unloading operations only after obtaining approval

Article 68 Vouchers, packages, marks and limits of quantity etc. Of cargoes with pollution damage delivered to the vessels for shipping must be in conformity with relevant regulations governing the cargoes to be shipped. In case it is necessary for shipping cargoes without distinct pollution danger, assessment should be made in advance in accordance with relevant regulations. In loading and unloading oil, toxic and harmful cargoes, the parties of the vessel and the port should comply with relevant operation rules and regulations of safety and pollution prevention

Article 69 Ports, docks, loading and unloading spots and shipyards must, in accordance with relevant regulations, are fitted with enough facilities to accommodate and deal with vessel-induced pollutants and wastes, and shall keep these facilities in good conditions. Ports, docks, loading and unloading spots and shipyards must draw up contingency plans foe oil-spill pollution and shall be equipped with corresponding contingency equipment and devices to deal with oil-spill pollution

Article 70 The following operation shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, be submitted to relevant department for approval or consent in advance: 1. Vessels using incinerators in the port waters; 2. Vessels conducting such operations as cabin washing, cabin cleaning, gas discharging, ballast water and residual oil discharging, oily water collecting, gunwale rust-eradicating and painting, etc. In the port waters; 3. Use of oil eliminating chemicals in the vessels, docks and facilities; 4. Vessels cleaning decks contaminated by pollutants, toxic and harmful substances; 5. Vessels undertaking operations of ship-to-ship transfer of bulk liquid cargoes with pollution damages; 6. Engaging in ship dismembering in the sea, ship salvaging, ship repairing and other surface and under-water operations

Article 71 If vessels occur maritime incidents causing or being likely to result in major pollution damages to the marine environment, the State competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs shall have the power to take compulsory measures to avoid or decrease pollution damage. If vessels and facilities occur maritime incidents at the high sea resulting in consequences of major pollution damage or threat to the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China, the State competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs shall have the power to take corresponding measures necessary for pollution damages which have caused or are likely to cause

Article 72 Any vessels shall have the obligation to supervise pollution at the sea and, upon discovering pollution accidents at the sea, or act of violation of the provisions of this law, must immediately report to the departments invested by this law with power of marine environment supervision and administration near. Civil aviation vehicles, upon discovering discharging of pollutants or pollution accidents at the sea, must report to the civil aviation air traffic control unit in the vicinity in time. The unit shall, upon receiving such report, immediately notify the departments invested by this law with power of marine environment supervision and administration

Chapter 9 Legal Liabilities

Article 73 Those who, in violation of the provisions of this law, commits any of the following acts, shall be ordered to remedy the damage within a fixed time and be fined by the competent authorities invested with the power of marine environment supervision and administration in accordance with this law; (1) Discharging pollutants or other substances into the sea to be prohibited to discharge by this law into sea areas; (2) Discharging pollutants into the sea not in conformity with the provisions of this law, or discharging pollutants in excess of standards; (3) Dumping wastes in the sea without permit of dumping; (4) Failing to take proper treatment measures immediately in case an accident or any other contingent event causes pollution to the marine environment; Those who commits any of the following acts in the above (1) and (3), shall be fined not less than RMB30,000 yuan but no more than RMB200,000 yuan, in the above (2) and (4), not less than RMB20,000 yuan but no more than RMB100,000 yuan; Article 74 Those who, in violation of the provisions of this law, commits any of the following acts, shall be warned or fined by the competent authorities invested by law with the power of marine environment supervision and administration in accordance with this law: (1) Failing to report in accordance with relevant provisions, or even refusing to report on matters relating to the discharge of pollutants or resorting to trickery and fraud in filing a report; (2) Failing to report in accordance with relevant provisions in case an accident or any other incident occurs; (3) Failing to make records of dumping in accordance with relevant provisions or failing to submit a report of dumping in accordance with relevant provisions; (4) Refusing to report of filing a false report on matters relating to the transportation of cargoes with pollution damages by vessels. Those who commits any of the following acts in the above (1) and (3), shall be fined no more than RMB20,000 yuan, in the above (2) and (4), no more than RMB50,000 yuan

Article 75 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 19 of this law, refuses an inspection on the spot or resorts to trickery and fraud on inspection, shall be warned and find no more than RMB20,000 yuan by the departments invested with the power of marine environment supervision and administration in accordance with this law

Article 76 Those who, in violation of the provisions of this law, causes damage to marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, etc., marine fishery resources and marine protected areas, shall be ordered to remedy the damage within a fixed time and take remedial measures, and be fined not less than RMB10,000 yuan but no more than RMB100,000 yuan by the departments invested with the power of marine environment supervision and administration in accordance with this law. In case those who has benefited from such illegal activity the income shall be confiscated by the departments concerned

Article 77 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 30 of this law, installs pollutant discharging outlet into the sea, shall be ordered to have the outlet shut down and fined not less than RMB20,000 yuan and no more than RMB100,000 yuan by the competent authorities in charge of environment protection under the local People’s Government at or above the County level

Article 78 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 3 of Article 32 of this law, dismantles or sets aside environment protection installations without authorization, shall be ordered to have the installations rebuilt and put into use, and fines not less than RMB10,000 yuan and no more than RMB100,000 yuan by the competent authorities in charge of environment protection under the local People’s Government at or above the County level

Article 79 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 39 of this law, transfers dangerous wastes through the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China, shall be ordered to have the vessel illegally transporting dangerous wastes withdrawn and sailed outside the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China, and fined not less than RMB50,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan by the State competent authority being in charge of maritime affairs

Article 80 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 43 of this law, builds coastal construction project without examined and approved environmental impact assessment, shall be ordered to stop such illegal construction and take remedial measures by the competent authorities in charge of environment protection under the local People’s Government at or above the County level, and fined not less than RMB50,000 yuan and no more than RMB200,000 yuan, or be ordered to have it removed within a fixed time by the local People’s Government at or above the County level in the light of the limits of authorization of administration

Article 81 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Article 44 of this law, puts into operation or use of coastal construction project, if failing to complete the construction of environment protection installations or environment protection installations failing to be up to the requirements, shall be ordered to stop the production and use of the project and fined not less than RMB20,000 yuan and no more than RMB100,000 yuan by the competent authorities in charge of environment protection

Article 82 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Article 45 of this law, builds new industrial construction project that causes serious pollution to the marine environment, shall be ordered to have such project shut down by the People’s Government at or above the County level in the light of the limits of authorization of administration

Article 83 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 47 and Article 48 of this law, builds marine construction project, or put marine construction project into operation and use if failing to complete the construction of environment protection installations or environment protection installations failing to be up to the requirements, shall be ordered to stop construction or stop the production and use of the project, and fined not less than RMB50,000 yuan and no more than RMB200,000 yuan by the competent authorities in charge of marine affairs

Article 84 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Article 49 of this law, uses materials containing radioactive substance in excess of standards or toxic and harmful substances easy to dissolve in the water, shall be fined no more than RMB50,000 yuan and be ordered to stop the operation of the construction project until pollution damage in eliminated by the competent authorities in charge of marine affairs

Article 85 Those who, in violation of the provisions of this law, undertakes offshore oil exploration and exploitation to cause pollution damage to the marine environment, shall be warned and fined not less than RMB20,000 yuan and no more than RMB200,000 yuan by the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs

Article 86 Those who, in violation of the provisions of this law, conducts dumping of wastes, failing to comply with the stipulations of permit, or conducts dumping of wastes in the ocean dumping zone already closed down, shall be warned and fined not less than RMB30,000 yuan and no more than RMB200,000 yuan by the competent authorities in charge of marine affairs. In case a serious circumstance occurs, the permit may be suspended or revoked by the competent authorities in charge of marine affairs

Article 87 Those who, in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 3 of Article 55 of this law, transports wastes from outside the boundaries of the People’s Republic of China to be dumped in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China, shall be warned and be fined not less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB1,000,000 yuan, in the light of the consequences of pollution damage caused or being likely to cause, by the State competent authority being in charge of marine affairs

Article 88 Those who, in violation of the provisions of this law, commits any of the following acts, shall be warned or fined by the departments in vested by this law with the power of marine environment supervision and administration: (1) Ports, docks, loading and unloading spots and vessels failing to be equipped with pollution prevention facilities and devices; (2) Vessels failing to obtain pollution prevention certificate and pollution prevention document, or failing to take records of pollutant discharge in accordance with relevant provisions; (3) Engaging in ship dismantling at water surface and port water area, refitting of old vessel, salvaging, and other surface and underwater operations, which cause pollution damage to the marine environment; (4) Cargoes carried by vessels failing to meet pollution prevention and transportation requirements. Those who commits any of the following mentioned in the above (1) and (4), shall be fined not less than RMB20,000 yuan and no more than RMB100,000 yuan, in the above (2), no more than RMB20,000 yuan, in the above (3), not less than RMB50,000 yuan and no more than RMB100,000 yuan

Article 89 Vessels, oil platforms as well as ports, docks, loading and unloading spots, if failing to formulate contingency plans for oil-spill in violation of the provisions of this law, shall be warned or be ordered to remedy within a fixed time by the departments invested with the power of marine environment supervision and administration in accordance with the provisions of this law

Article 90 Those who causes pollution damage to the marine environment shall eliminate the damage and compensate the losses; in case of pollution damage to the marine environment resulting entirely from the intentional act or fault of a third party, third party shall eliminate the damage and be liable for the compensation. If the State suffers heavy losses from the damages to marine ecosystems, marine aquatic resources and marine nature reserves, the departments invested by this law with the power of marine environment supervision and administration shall, on behalf of the State, put forward compensation demand to those who are responsible for the damages

Article 91 Any unit, in violation of the provisions of this law, causes pollution accident to the marine environment, shall be fined in accordance with the damage and losses incurred by the department invested by this law with the power of marine environment supervision and administration. If the manager and other staff directly responsible for such accident are personnel employed by the governmental departments, they shall be imposed administrative penalties by law. The amount of fine mentioned in the above clause shall be determined according to 30 per cent of the direct losses, but no more than RMB300,000 yuan. Those who causes serious consequences of heavy losses of public and private property or human injuries and deaths of persons by major marine environment pollution accident, shall be investigated and imposed upon criminal responsibility by law

Article 92 Those who causes pollution damage may be exempted from the liability if the pollution damage to the marine environment by any of the following circumstances can not be avoided, despite of prompt and reasonable measures taken: (1) War; (2) Natural calamities of force majeure; (3) Negligence of other wrongful acts in the exercise of functions of competent authorities responsible for the maintenance of light-towers or other navigational aids

Article 93 In the violation of the provisions of Articles21 and 22 of this law, administrative penalties relating to the payment of pollutant discharge fees, and dumping fees, and pollution removal within a fixed time shall be formulated by the State Council

Article 94 Any person in charge of marine environment supervision and administration who abuses his power, neglects his duty or engaged in malpractice for personal gains to result in pollution damage to the marine environment, shall be given administrative penalties by law. If the circumstance constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated and affixed for criminal responsibility by law

Chapter 10 Supplementary Provisions

Article 95 For the purpose of this law, the following terms are defined as: (1) “pollution damage to the marine environment” means any direct or indirect introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment which results in the effects such as harm to marine living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to fishing and other legitimate operations at sea, impairment of the use quality of sea water and degradation of environment quality. (2) “internal waters” means all sea areas on the landward side of the baselines of the territorial sea of our country. (3) “inshore wetland” means water areas where the depth of water is less than 6 meters at low tides and its coastal flooded and wet areas, flooded areas in-between tides and coastal lowland where the depth of water does not exceed 6 maters (including perpetual water areas, the intertidal zone and other coastal low land less than 6 meters). (4) “marine functional zoning” means to determine dominant functions in marine utilization and scope in utilization in the light of marine natural attributes and social attributes as well as natural resources and specified environment conditions. (5) “fishery areas” means spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds and migration channels of fishes and shrimps, and the mariculture waters of fishes, shrimps shellfishes and algae. (6) “oils” means any kind of oil and its refined products. (7) “oil mixtures” means any mixtures containing oil. (8) “discharging” means to introduce pollutants into the sea, including pumping, spilling, releasing, gushing and pouring. (9) “land-based sources” (land-based) means the sites and installations, etc which are used to discharge pollutants from the land into sea areas causing or being likely to result in marine environment pollution. (10) “land-based pollutant” means pollutant discharged by land-based sources. (11) “dumping” means to dispose of wastes or other harmful substances into the sea from vessels, airborne vehicles, platforms or other means of transport, including the abandonment of vessels, airborne vehicles, platforms and other floating apparatus. (12) “coastal land areas” means areas connected with sea shores or areas directly or indirectly discharging pollutants into the sea through pipelines, channels, installations or conducting related operations. (13) “incineration at the sea” means intentional act of burning pollutants or other substances on the incinerator at the sea with aim of destruction by heat. However, incineration necessary to the operation of vessels, platforms or other artificial structures shall be excluded

Article 96 Specific functions and powers of relevant departments in marine environment supervision and administration, which are not provided in this law, shall be determined by the State Council

Article 97 If the provisions provided in an international treaty regarding environment protection concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China are not consistent with the provisions provided in this law, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply, unless the People’s Republic of China has announced reservations

Article 98 This law shall come into force as of April 1, 2000.


中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法

 《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》

(1982年8月23日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议通过,1999年12月25日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议修订)

目录

第一章 总 则
第二章 海洋环境监督管理
第三章 海洋生态保护
第四章 防治陆源污染物对海洋环境的污染损害
第五章 防治海岸工程建设项目对海洋环境的污染损害
第六章 防治海洋工程建设项目对海洋环境的污染损害
第七章 防治倾倒废弃物对海洋环境的污染损害
第八章 防治船舶及有关作业活动对海洋环境的污染损害
第九章 法律责任
第十章 附 则
 
第一章 总 则

第一条 为了保护和改善海洋环境,保护海洋资源,防治污染损害,维护生态平衡,保障人体健康,促进经济和社会的可持续发展,制定本法。

第二条 本法适用于中华人民共和国内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架以及中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域。

在中华人民共和国管辖海域内从事航行、勘探、开发、生产、旅游、科学研究及其他活动,或者在沿海陆域内从事影响海洋环境活动的任何单位和个人,都必须遵守本法。

在中华人民共和国管辖海域以外,造成中华人民共和国管辖海域污染的,也适用本法。

第三条 国家建立并实施重点海域排污总量控制制度,确定主要污染物排海总量控制指标,并对主要污染源分配排放控制数量。具体办法由国务院制定。

第四条 一切单位和个人都有保护海洋环境的义务,并有权对污染损害海洋环境的单位和个人,以及海洋环境监督管理人员的违法失职行为进行监督和检举。

第五条 国务院环境保护行政主管部门作为对全国环境保护工作统一监督管理的部门,对全国海洋环境保护工作实施指导、协调和监督,并负责全国防治陆源污染物和海岸工程建设项目对海洋污染损害的环境保护工作。

国家海洋行政主管部门负责海洋环境的监督管理,组织海洋环境的调查、监测、监视、评价和科学研究,负责全国防治海洋工程建设项目和海洋倾倒废弃物对海洋污染损害的环境保护工作。

国家海事行政主管部门负责所辖港区水域内非军事船舶和港区水域外非渔业、非军事船舶污染海洋环境的监督管理,并负责污染事故的调查处理;对在中华人民共和国管辖海域航行、停泊和作业的外国籍船舶造成的污染事故登轮检查处理。船舶污染事故给渔业造成损害的,应当吸收渔业行政主管部门参与调查处理。

国家渔业行政主管部门负责渔港水域内非军事船舶和渔港水域外渔业船舶污染海洋环境的监督管理,负责保护渔业水域生态环境工作,并调查处理前款规定的污染事故以外的渔业污染事故。

军队环境保护部门负责军事船舶污染海洋环境的监督管理及污染事故的调查处理。

沿海县级以上地方人民政府行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门的职责,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据本法及国务院有关规定确定。

第二章 海洋环境监督管理

第六条 国家海洋行政主管部门会同国务院有关部门和沿海省、自治区、直辖市人民政府拟定全国海洋功能区划,报国务院批准。

沿海地方各级人民政府应当根据全国和地方海洋功能区划,科学合理地使用海域。

第七条 国家根据海洋功能区划制定全国海洋环境保护规划和重点海域区域性海洋环境保护规划。

毗邻重点海域的有关沿海省、自治区、直辖市人民政府及行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门,可以建立海洋环境保护区域合作组织,负责实施重点海域区域性海洋环境保护规划、海洋环境污染的防治和海洋生态保护工作。

第八条 跨区域的海洋环境保护工作,由有关沿海地方人民政府协商解决,或者由上级人民政府协调解决。

跨部门的重大海洋环境保护工作,由国务院环境保护行政主管部门协调;协调未能解决的,由国务院作出决定。

第九条 国家根据海洋环境质量状况和国家经济、技术条件,制定国家海洋环境质量标准。

沿海省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对国家海洋环境质量标准中未作规定的项目,可以制定地方海洋环境质量标准。

沿海地方各级人民政府根据国家和地方海洋环境质量标准的规定和本行政区近岸海域环境质量状况,确定海洋环境保护的目标和任务,并纳入人民政府工作计划,按相应的海洋环境质量标准实施管理。

第十条 国家和地方水污染物排放标准的制定,应当将国家和地方海洋环境质量标准作为重要依据之一。在国家建立并实施排污总量控制制度的重点海域,水污染物排放标准的制定,还应当将主要污染物排海总量控制指标作为重要依据。

第十一条 直接向海洋排放污染物的单位和个人,必须按照国家规定缴纳排污费。

向海洋倾倒废弃物,必须按照国家规定缴纳倾倒费。

根据本法规定征收的排污费、倾倒费,必须用于海洋环境污染的整治,不得挪作他用。具体办法由国务院规定。

第十二条 对超过污染物排放标准的,或者在规定的期限内未完成污染物排放削减任务的,或者造成海洋环境严重污染损害的,应当限期治理。

限期治理按照国务院规定的权限决定。

第十三条 国家加强防治海洋环境污染损害的科学技术的研究和开发,对严重污染海洋环境的落后生产工艺和落后设备,实行淘汰制度。

企业应当优先使用清洁能源,采用资源利用率高、污染物排放量少的清洁生产工艺,防止对海洋环境的污染。

第十四条 国家海洋行政主管部门按照国家环境监测、监视规范和标准,管理全国海洋环境的调查、监测、监视,制定具体的实施办法,会同有关部门组织全国海洋环境监测、监视网络,定期评价海洋环境质量,发布海洋巡航监视通报。

依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门分别负责各自所辖水域的监测、监视。

其他有关部门根据全国海洋环境监测网的分工,分别负责对入海河口、主要排污口的监测。

第十五条 国务院有关部门应当向国务院环境保护行政主管部门提供编制全国环境质量公报所必需的海洋环境监测资料。

环境保护行政主管部门应当向有关部门提供与海洋环境监督管理有关的资料。

第十六条 国家海洋行政主管部门按照国家制定的环境监测、监视信息管理制度,负责管理海洋综合信息系统,为海洋环境保护监督管理提供服务。

第十七条 因发生事故或者其他突发性事件,造成或者可能造成海洋环境污染事故的单位和个人,必须立即采取有效措施,及时向可能受到危害者通报,并向依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门报告,接受调查处理。

沿海县级以上地方人民政府在本行政区域近岸海域的环境受到严重污染时,必须采取有效措施,解除或者减轻危害。

第十八条 国家根据防止海洋环境污染的需要,制定国家重大海上污染事故应急计划。

国家海洋行政主管部门负责制定全国海洋石油勘探开发重大海上溢油应急计划,报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。

国家海事行政主管部门负责制定全国船舶重大海上溢油污染事故应急计划,报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。

沿海可能发生重大海洋环境污染事故的单位,应当依照国家的规定,制定污染事故应急计划,并向当地环境保护行政主管部门、海洋行政主管部门备案。

沿海县级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门在发生重大海上污染事故时,必须按照应急计划解除或者减轻危害。

第十九条 依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门可以在海上实行联合执法,在巡航监视中发现海上污染事故或者违反本法规定的行为时,应当予以制止并调查取证,必要时 有权采取有效措施,防止污染事态的扩大,并报告有关主管部门处理。

依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门,有权对管辖范围内排放污染物的单位和个人进行现场检查。被检查者应当如实反映情况,提供必要的资料。

检查机关应当为被检查者保守技术秘密和业务秘密。

第三章 海洋生态保护

第二十条 国务院和沿海地方各级人民政府应当采取有效措施,保护红树林、珊瑚礁、滨海湿地、海岛、海湾、入海河口、重要渔业水域等具有典型性、代表性的海洋生态系统,珍稀、濒危海洋生物的天然集中分布区,具有重要经济价值的海洋生物生存区域及有重大科学文化价值的海洋自然历史遗迹和自然景观。

对具有重要经济、社会价值的已遭到破坏的海洋生态,应当进行整治和恢复。

第二十一条 国务院有关部门和沿海省级人民政府应当根据保护海洋生态的需要,选划、建立海洋自然保护区。

国家级海洋自然保护区的建立,须经国务院批准。

第二十二条 凡具有下列条件之一的,应当建立海洋自然保护区:

(一)典型的海洋自然地理区域、有代表性的自然生态区域,以及遭受破坏但经保护能恢复的海洋自然生态区域;

(二)海洋生物物种高度丰富的区域,或者珍稀、濒危海洋生物物种的天然集中分布区域;

(三)具有特殊保护价值的海域、海岸、岛屿、滨海湿地、入海河口和海湾等;

(四)具有重大科学文化价值的海洋自然遗迹所在区域;

(五)其他需要予以特殊保护的区域。

第二十三条 凡具有特殊地理条件、生态系统、生物与非生物资源及海洋开发利用特殊需要的区域,可以建立海洋特别保护区,采取有效的保护措施和科学的开发方式进行特殊管理。

第二十四条 开发利用海洋资源,应当根据海洋功能区划合理布局,不得造成海洋生态环境破坏。

第二十五条 引进海洋动植物物种,应当进行科学论证,避免对海洋生态系统造成危害。

第二十六条 开发海岛及周围海域的资源,应当采取严格的生态保护措施,不得造成海岛地形、岸滩、植被以及海岛周围海域生态环境的破坏。

第二十七条 沿海地方各级人民政府应当结合当地自然环境的特点,建设海岸防护设施、沿海防护林、沿海城镇园林和绿地,对海岸侵蚀和海水入侵地区进行综合治理。

禁止毁坏海岸防护设施、沿海防护林、沿海城镇园林和绿地。

第二十八条 国家鼓励发展生态渔业建设,推广多种生态渔业生产方式,改善海洋生态状况。

新建、改建、扩建海水养殖场,应当进行环境影响评价。

海水养殖应当科学确定养殖密度,并应当合理投饵、施肥,正确使用药物,防止造成海洋环境的污染。

第四章 防治陆源污染物对海洋环境的污染损害

第二十九条 向海域排放陆源污染物,必须严格执行国家或者地方规定的标准和有关规定。

第三十条 入海排污口位置的选择,应当根据海洋功能区划、海水动力条件和有关规定,经科学论证后,报设区的市级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门审查批准。

环境保护行政主管部门在批准设置入海排污口之前,必须征求海洋、海事、渔业行政主管部门和军队环境保护部门的意见。

在海洋自然保护区、重要渔业水域、海滨风景名胜区和其他需要特别保护的区域,不得新建排污口。

在有条件的地区,应当将排污口深海设置,实行离岸排放。设置陆源污染物深海离岸排放排污口,应当根据海洋功能区划、海水动力条件和海底工程设施的有关情况确定,具体办法由国务院规定。

第三十一条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府环境保护行政主管部门和水行政主管部门应当按照水污染防治有关法律的规定,加强入海河流管理,防治污染,使入海河口的水质处于良好状态。

第三十二条 排放陆源污染物的单位,必须向环境保护行政主管部门申报拥有的陆源污染物排放设施、处理设施和在正常作业条件下排放陆源污染物的种类、数量和浓度,并提供防治海洋环境污染方面的有关技术和资料。

排放陆源污染物的种类、数量和浓度有重大改变的,必须及时申报。

拆除或者闲置陆源污染物处理设施的,必须事先征得环境保护行政主管部门的同意。

第三十三条 禁止向海域排放油类、酸液、碱液、剧毒废液和高、中水平放射性废水。

严格限制向海域排放低水平放射性废水;确需排放的,必须严格执行国家辐射防护规定。

严格控制向海域排放含有不易降解的有机物和重金属的废水。

第三十四条 含病原体的医疗污水、生活污水和工业废水必须经过处理,符合国家有关排放标准后,方能排入海域。

第三十五条 含有机物和营养物质的工业废水、生活污水,应当严格控制向海湾、半封闭海及其他自净能力较差的海域排放。

第三十六条 向海域排放含热废水,必须采取有效措施,保证邻近渔业水域的水温符合国家海洋环境质量标准,避免热污染对水产资源的危害。

第三十七条 沿海农田、林场施用化学农药,必须执行国家农药安全使用的规定和标准。

沿海农田、林场应当合理使用化肥和植物生长调节剂。

第三十八条 在岸滩弃置、堆放和处理尾矿、矿渣、煤灰渣、垃圾和其他固体废物的,依照《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》的有关规定执行。

第三十九条 禁止经中华人民共和国内水、领海转移危险废物。

经中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域转移危险废物的,必须事先取得国务院环境保护行政主管部门的书面同意。

第四十条 沿海城市人民政府应当建设和完善城市排水管网,有计划地建设城市污水处理厂或者其他污水集中处理设施,加强城市污水的综合整治。

建设污水海洋处置工程,必须符合国家有关规定。

第四十一条 国家采取必要措施,防止、减少和控制来自大气层或者通过大气层造成的海洋环境污染损害。

第五章 防治海岸工程建设项目对海洋环境的污染损害

第四十二条 新建、改建、扩建海岸工程建设项目,必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境保护管理的规定,并把防治污染所需资金纳入建设项目投资计划。

在依法划定的海洋自然保护区、海滨风景名胜区、重要渔业水域及其他需要特别保护的区域,不得从事污染环境、破坏景观的海岸工程项目建设或者其他活动。

第四十三条 海岸工程建设项目的单位,必须在建设项目可行性研究阶段,对海洋环境进行科学调查,根据自然条件和社会条件,合理选址,编报环境影响报告书。环境影响报告书经海洋行政主管部门提出审核意见后,报环境保护行政主管部门审查批准。

环境保护行政主管部门在批准环境影响报告书之前,必须征求海事、渔业行政主管部门和军队环境保护部门的意见。

第四十四条 海岸工程建设项目的环境保护设施,必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用。环境保护设施未经环境保护行政主管部门检查批准,建设项目不得试运行;环境保护设施未经环境保护行政主管部门验收,或者经验收不合格的,建设项目不得投入生产或者使用。

第四十五条 禁止在沿海陆域内新建不具备有效治理措施的化学制浆造纸、化工、印染、制革、电镀、酿造、炼油、岸边冲滩拆船以及其他严重污染海洋环境的工业生产项目。

第四十六条 兴建海岸工程建设项目,必须采取有效措施,保护国家和地方重点保护的野生动植物及其生存环境和海洋水产资源。

严格限制在海岸采挖砂石。露天开采海滨砂矿和从岸上打井开采海底矿产资源,必须采取有效措施,防止污染海洋环境。

第六章 防治海洋工程建设项目对海洋环境的污染损害

第四十七条 海洋工程建设项目必须符合海洋功能区划、海洋环境保护规划和国家有关环境保护标准,在可行性研究阶段,编报海洋环境影响报告书,由海洋行政主管部门核准,并报环境保护行政主管部门备案,接受环境保护行政主管部门监督。

海洋行政主管部门在核准海洋环境影响报告书之前,必须征求海事、渔业行政主管部门和军队环境保护部门的意见。

第四十八条 海洋工程建设项目的环境保护设施,必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用。环境保护设施未经海洋行政主管部门检查批准,建设项目不得试运行;环境保护设施未经海洋行政主管部门验收,或者经验收不合格的,建设项目不得投入生产或者使用。

拆除或者闲置环境保护设施,必须事先征得海洋行政主管部门的同意。

第四十九条 海洋工程建设项目,不得使用含超标准放射性物质或者易溶出有毒有害物质的材料。

第五十条 海洋工程建设项目需要爆破作业时,必须采取有效措施,保护海洋资源。

海洋石油勘探开发及输油过程中,必须采取有效措施,避免溢油事故的发生。

第五十一条 海洋石油钻井船、钻井平台和采油平台的含油污水和油性混合物,必须经过处理达标后排放;残油、废油必须予以回收,不得排放入海。经回收处理后排放的,其含油量不得超过国家规定的标准。

钻井所使用的油基泥浆和其他有毒复合泥浆不得排放入海。水基泥浆和无毒复合泥浆及钻屑的排放,必须符合国家有关规定。

第五十二条 海洋石油钻井船、钻井平台和采油平台及其有关海上设施,不得向海域处置含油的工业垃圾。处置其他工业垃圾,不得造成海洋环境污染。

第五十三条 海上试油时,应当确保油气充分燃烧,油和油性混合物不得排放入海。

第五十四条 勘探开发海洋石油,必须按有关规定编制溢油应急计划,报国家海洋行政主管部门审查批准。

第七章 防治倾倒废弃物对海洋环境的污染损害

第五十五条 任何单位未经国家海洋行政主管部门批准,不得向中华人民共和国管辖海域倾倒任何废弃物。

需要倾倒废弃物的单位,必须向国家海洋行政主管部门提出书面申请,经国家海洋行政主管部门审查批准,发给许可证后,方可倾倒。

禁止中华人民共和国境外的废弃物在中华人民共和国管辖海域倾倒。

第五十六条 国家海洋行政主管部门根据废弃物的毒性、有毒物质含量和对海洋环境影响程度,制定海洋倾倒废弃物评价程序和标准。

向海洋倾倒废弃物,应当按照废弃物的类别和数量实行分级管理。

可以向海洋倾倒的废弃物名录,由国家海洋行政主管部门拟定,经国务院环境保护行政主管部门提出审核意见后,报国务院批准。

第五十七条 国家海洋行政主管部门按照科学、合理、经济、安全的原则选划海洋倾倒区,经国务院环境保护行政主管部门提出审核意见后,报国务院批准。

临时性海洋倾倒区由国家海洋行政主管部门批准,并报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。

国家海洋行政主管部门在选划海洋倾倒区和批准临时性海洋倾倒区之前,必须征求国家海事、渔业行政主管部门的意见。

第五十八条 国家海洋行政主管部门监督管理倾倒区的使用,组织倾倒区的环境监测。对经确认不宜继续使用的倾倒区,国家海洋行政主管部门应当予以封闭,终止在该倾倒区的一切倾倒活动,并报国务院备案。

第五十九条 获准倾倒废弃物的单位,必须按照许可证注明的期限及条件,到指定的区域进行倾倒。废弃物装载之后,批准部门应当予以核实。

第六十条 获准倾倒废弃物的单位,应当详细记录倾倒的情况,并在倾倒后向批准部门作出书面报告。倾倒废弃物的船舶必须向驶出港的海事行政主管部门作出书面报告。

第六十一条 禁止在海上焚烧废弃物。

禁止在海上处置放射性废弃物或者其他放射性物质。废弃物中的放射性物质的豁免浓度由国务院制定。

第八章 防治船舶及有关作业活动对海洋环境的污染损害

第六十二条 在中华人民共和国管辖海域,任何船舶及相关作业不得违反本法规定向海洋排放污染物、废弃物和压载水、船舶垃圾及其他有害物质。

从事船舶污染物、废弃物、船舶垃圾接收、船舶清舱、洗舱作业活动的,必须具备相应的接收处理能力。

第六十三条 船舶必须按照有关规定持有防止海洋环境污染的证书与文书,在进行涉及污染物排放及操作时,应当如实记录。

第六十四条 船舶必须配置相应的防污设备和器材。

载运具有污染危害性货物的船舶,其结构与设备应当能够防止或者减轻所载货物对海洋环境的污染。

第六十五条 船舶应当遵守海上交通安全法律、法规的规定,防止因碰撞、触礁、搁浅、火灾或者爆炸等引起的海难事故,造成海洋环境的污染。

第六十六条 国家完善并实施船舶油污损害民事赔偿责任制度;按照船舶油污损害赔偿责任由船东和货主共同承担风险的原则,建立船舶油污保险、油污损害赔偿基金制度。

实施船舶油污保险、油污损害赔偿基金制度的具体办法由国务院规定。

第六十七条 载运具有污染危害性货物进出港口的船舶,其承运人、货物所有人或者代理人,必须事先向海事行政主管部门申报。经批准后,方可进出港口、过境停留或者装卸作业。

第六十八条 交付船舶装运污染危害性货物的单证、包装、标志、数量限制等,必须符合对所装货物的有关规定。

需要船舶装运污染危害性不明的货物,应当按照有关规定事先进行评估。

装卸油类及有毒有害货物的作业,船岸双方必须遵守安全防污操作规程。

第六十九条 港口、码头、装卸站和船舶修造厂必须按照有关规定备有足够的用于处理船舶污染物、废弃物的接收设施,并使该设施处于良好状态。

装卸油类的港口、码头、装卸站和船舶必须编制溢油污染应急计划,并配备相应的溢油污染应急设备和器材。

第七十条 进行下列活动,应当事先按照有关规定报经有关部门批准或者核准:

(一)船舶在港区水域内使用焚烧炉;

(二)船舶在港区水域内进行洗舱、清舱、驱气、排放压载水、残油、含油污水接收、舷外拷铲及油漆等作业;

(三)船舶、码头、设施使用化学消油剂;

(四)船舶冲洗沾有污染物、有毒有害物质的甲板;

(五)船舶进行散装液体污染危害性货物的过驳作业;

(六)从事船舶水上拆解、打捞、修造和其他水上、水下船舶施工作业。

第七十一条 船舶发生海难事故,造成或者可能造成海洋环境重大污染损害的,国家海事行政主管部门有权强制采取避免或者减少污染损害的措施。

对在公海上因发生海难事故,造成中华人民共和国管辖海域重大污染损害后果或者具有污染威胁的船舶、海上设施,国家海事行政主管部门有权采取与实际的或者可能发生的损害相称的必要措施。

第七十二条 所有船舶均有监视海上污染的义务,在发现海上污染事故或者违反本法规定的行为时,必须立即向就近的依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门报告。

民用航空器发现海上排污或者污染事件,必须及时向就近的民用航空空中交通管制单位报告。

接到报告的单位,应当立即向依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门通报。

第九章 法律责任

第七十三条 违反本法有关规定,有下列行为之一的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门责令限期改正,并处以罚款:

(一)向海域排放本法禁止排放的污染物或者其他物质的;

(二)不按照本法规定向海洋排放污染物,或者超过标准排放污染物的;

(三)未取得海洋倾倒许可证,向海洋倾倒废弃物的;

(四)因发生事故或者其他突发性事件,造成海洋环境污染事故,不立即采取处理措施的。

有前款第(一)、(三)项行为之一的,处3万元以上20万元以下的罚款;有前款第(二)、(四)项行为之一的,处2万元以上10 万元以下的罚款。

第七十四条 违反本法有关规定,有下列行为之一的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门予以警告,或者处以罚款:

(一)不按照规定申报,甚至拒报污染物排放有关事项,或者在申报时弄虚作假的;

(二)发生事故或者其他突发性事件不按照规定报告的;

(三)不按照规定记录倾倒情况,或者不按照规定提交倾倒报告的;

(四)拒报或者谎报船舶载运污染危害性货物申报事项的。

有前款第(一)、(三)项行为之一的,处2万元以下的罚款;有前款第(二)、(四)项行为之一的,处5万元以下的罚款。

第七十五条 违反本法第十九条第二款的规定,拒绝现场检查,或者在被检查时弄虚作假的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门予以警告,并处2万元以下的罚款。

第七十六条 违反本法规定,造成珊瑚礁、红树林等海洋生态系统及海洋水产资源、海洋保护区破坏的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门责令限期改正和采取补救措施,并处1万元以上10万元以下的罚款;有违法所得的,没收其违法所得。

第七十七条 违反本法第三十条第一款、第三款规定设置入海排污口的,由县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门责令其关闭,并处2万元以上10万元以下的罚款。

第七十八条 违反本法第三十二条第三款的规定,擅自拆除、闲置环境保护设施的,由县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门责令重新安装使用,并处1万元以上10万元以下的罚款。

第七十九条 违反本法第三十九条第二款的规定,经中华人民共和国管辖海域,转移危险废物的,由国家海事行政主管部门责令非法运输该危险废物的船舶退出中华人民共和国管辖海域,并处5万元以上50万元以下的罚款。

第八十条 违反本法第四十三条第一款的规定,未持有经审核和批准的环境影响报告书,兴建海岸工程建设项目的,由县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门责令其停止违法行为和采取补救措施,并处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款;或者按照管理权限,由县级以上地方人民政府责令其限期拆除。

第八十一条 违反本法第四十四条的规定,海岸工程建设项目未建成环境保护设施,或者环境保护设施未达到规定要求即投入生产、使用的,由环境保护行政主管部门责令其停止生产或者使用,并处2万元以上10万元以下的罚款。

第八十二条 违反本法第四十五条的规定,新建严重污染海洋环境的工业生产建设项目的,按照管理权限,由县级以上人民政府责令关闭。

第八十三条 违反本法第四十七条第一款、第四十八条的规定,进行海洋工程建设项目,或者海洋工程建设项目未建成环境保护设施、环境保护设施未达到规定要求即投入生产、使用的,由海洋行政主管部门责令其停止施工或者生产、使用,并处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款。

第八十四条 违反本法第四十九条的规定,使用含超标准放射性物质或者易溶出有毒有害物质材料的,由海洋行政主管部门处5万元以下的罚款,并责令其停止该建设项目的运行,直到消除污染危害。

第八十五条 违反本法规定进行海洋石油勘探开发活动,造成海洋环境污染的,由国家海洋行政主管部门予以警告,并处2万元以上20万元以下的罚款。

第八十六条 违反本法规定,不按照许可证的规定倾倒,或者向已经封闭的倾倒区倾倒废弃物的,由海洋行政主管部门予以警告,并处3万元以上20万元以下的罚款;对情节严重的,可以暂扣或者吊销许可证。

第八十七条 违反本法第五十五条第三款的规定,将中华人民共和国境外废弃物运进中华人民共和国管辖海域倾倒的,由国家海洋行政主管部门予以警告,并根据造成或者可能造成的危害后果,处10万元以上100万元以下的罚款。

第八十八条 违反本法规定,有下列行为之一的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门予以警告,或者处以罚款:

(一)港口、码头、装卸站及船舶未配备防污设施、器材的;

(二)船舶未持有防污证书、防污文书,或者不按照规定记载排污记录的;

(三)从事水上和港区水域拆船、旧船改装、打捞和其他水上、水下施工作业,造成海洋环境污染损害的;

(四)船舶载运的货物不具备防污适运条件的。

有前款第(一)、(四)项行为之一的,处2万元以上10万元以下的罚款;有前款第(二)项行为的,处2万元以下的罚款;有前款第(三)项行为的,处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款。

第八十九条 违反本法规定,船舶、石油平台和装卸油类的港口、码头、装卸站不编制溢油应急计划的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门予以警告,或者责令限期改正。

第九十条 造成 海洋环境污染损害的责任者,应当排除危害,并赔偿损失;完全由于第三者的故意或者过失,造成海洋环境污染损害的,由第三者排除危害,并承担赔偿责任。

对破坏海洋生态、海洋水产资源、海洋保护区,给国家造成重大损失的,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门代表国家对责任者提出损害赔偿要求。

第九十一条 对违反本法规定,造成海洋环境污染事故的单位,由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门根据所造成的危害和损失处以罚款;负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员属于国家工作人员的,依法给予行政处分。

前款规定的罚款数额按照直接损失的30%计算,但最高不得超过30万元。

对造成重大海洋环境污染事故,致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者人身伤亡严重后果的,依法追究刑事责任。

第九十二条 完全属于下列情形之一,经过及时采取合理措施,仍然不能避免对海洋环境造成污染损害的,造成污染损害的有关责任者免予承担责任:

(一)战争;

(二)不可抗拒的自然灾害;

(三)负责灯塔或者其他助航设备的主管部门,在执行职责时的疏忽,或者其他过失行为。

第九十三条 对违反本法第十一条、第十二条有关缴纳排污费、倾倒费和限期治理规定的行政处罚,由国务院规定。

第九十四条 海洋环境监督管理人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊,造成海洋环境污染损害的,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

第十章 附 则

第九十五条 本法中下列用语的含义是:

(一)海洋环境污染损害,是指直接或者间接地把物质或者能量引入海洋环境,产生损害海洋生物资源、危害人体健康、妨害渔业和海上其他合法活动、损害海水使用素质和减损环境质量等有害影响。

(二)内水,是指我国领海基线向内陆一侧的所有海域。

(三)滨海湿地,是指低潮时水深浅于6米的水域及其沿岸浸湿地带,包括水深不超过6米的永久性水域、潮间带(或洪泛地带)和沿海低地等。

(四)海洋功能区划,是指依据海洋自然属性和社会属性,以及自然资源和环境特定条件,界定海洋利用的主导功能和使用范畴。

(五)渔业水域,是指鱼虾类的产卵场、索饵场、越冬场、洄游通道和鱼虾贝藻类的养殖场。

(六)油类,是指任何类型的油及其炼制品。

(七)油性混合物,是指任何含有油份的混合物。

(八)排放,是指把污染物排入海洋的行为,包括泵出、溢出、泄出、喷出和倒出。

(九)陆地污染源(简称陆源),是指从陆地向海域排放污染物,造成或者可能造成海洋环境污染的场所、设施等。

(十)陆源污染物,是指由陆地污染源排放的污染物。

(十一)倾倒,是指通过船舶、航空器、平台或者其他载运工具,向海洋处置废弃物和其他有害物质的行为,包括弃置船舶、航空器、平台及其辅助设施和其他浮动工具的行为。

(十二)沿海陆域,是指与海岸相连,或者通过管道、沟渠、设施,直接或者间接向海洋排放污染物及其相关活动的一带区域。

(十三)海上焚烧,是指以热摧毁为目的,在海上焚烧设施上,故意焚烧废弃物或者其他物质的行为,但船舶、平台或者其他人工构造物正常操作中,所附带发生的行为除外。

第九十六条 涉及海洋环境监督管理的有关部门的具体职权划分,本法未作规定的,由国务院规定。

第九十七条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的与海洋环境保护有关的国际条约与本法有不同规定的,适用国际条约的规定;但是,中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

第九十八条 本法自2000年4月1日起施行。