Institutions of Democratic Governance
The Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court sentenced prominent intellectual Liu Xiaobo on December 25, 2009, to 11 years in prison for "inciting subversion of state power," a crime under Article 105, Paragraph 2, of the Criminal Law. The court also sentenced Liu to two years' deprivation of political rights upon his release. Human Rights in China released an English translation of the court's verdict on December 30, 2009. The court cited essays Liu had written critical of the Communist Party and China's political system and his participation in Charter 08.
The following text was retrieved from the National People's Congress Web site on February 19, 2013.
The Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court will conduct the trial of prominent intellectual Liu Xiaobo on December 23, 2009, according to a December 21 Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) article. Prosecutors indicted Liu on December 10, according to a December 11 Radio Free Asia (RFA) article. Mo Shaoping, a defense lawyer whose law firm is handling Liu's case, told RFA that the prosecution's indictment alleges that Liu drafted and organized Charter 08, a document originally signed by more than 300 Chinese citizens and which calls for political reform and greater protection of human rights in China. Liu was taken into custody on December 8, 2008, a day before the charter was released.
Beijing police have concluded their investigation against prominent intellectual and Charter 08 signatory Liu Xiaobo and transferred his case to prosecutors in early December 2009, according to a December 10 Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) article and December 9 articles by the Associated Press (via Washington Post) and New York Times. The New York Times reported that "Mr. Liu’s lawyer, Shang Baojun, said in a telephone interview Wednesday that the police had sent to the prosecutors a report accusing Mr.
On February 9, 2009, the UN Human Rights Council Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) held a three-hour session to review China's human rights record. The UPR, which was created in 2006, is a new mechanism under which the UN Human Rights Council reviews the human rights records of all UN Member States once every four years. (See previous Congressional-Executive Commission on China analysis for background information on the review process.)
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This CECC hearing examined the significance of the Tiananmen Square protests and their suppression in Beijing 20 years ago. How have citizen demands for government accountability and democracy changed in 20 years? What impact have the 1989 demonstrations had on the Chinese government and Communist Party over the last two decades?
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At this CECC Roundtable, a panel of experts discussed the various meanings of "democracy" in China and considered China's progress toward stated democratic goals, addressing the issues of accountability, political participation, and responsiveness, as well as the relationship between economic development and democratic reforms.
国务院批转国家建委等部门关于保护我国历史文化名城的请示的通知 国务院同意国家基本建设委员会、国家文物事业管理局、国家城市建设总局《关于保护我国历史文化名城的请求》,现发给你们,请研究执行。 我国是一个历史悠久的文明古国。保护一批历史文化名城,对于继承悠久的文化遗产,发扬光荣的革命传统,进行爱国主义教育,建设社会主义精神文明,扩大我国的国际影响,都有着积极的意义。各级人民政府要切实加强领导,采取有效措施,并在财力、物力、人力等方面给予应有的支持,进一步做好这些城市的保护和管理工作。 关于保护我国历史文化名城的请示 我国是一个历史悠久的文明古国,许多历史文化名城是我国古代政治、经济、文化的中心,或者是近代革命运动和发生重大历史事件的重要城市。在这些历史文化名城的地面和地下,保存了大量历史文物与革命文物,体现了中华民族的悠久历史、光荣的革命传统与光辉灿烂的文化。做好这些历史文化名城的保护和管理工作,对建设社会主义精神文明和发展我国的旅游事业都起着重要的作用。但是随着经济建设的发展,城市规模一再扩大,在城市规划和建设过程中又不注意保护历史文化古迹,致使一些古建筑、遗址、墓葬、碑碣、名胜遭到了不同程度的破坏。近几年来,在基本建设和发展旅游事业的过程中,又出现了一些新情况和新问题。有的城市,新建了一些与城市原有格局很不协调的建筑,特别是大工厂和高楼大夏,使城市和文物古迹的环境风貌进一步受到损害。如听任这种状况继续发展下去,这些城市长期积累起来的宝贵的历史文化遗产,不久就会被断送,其后果是不堪设想的。 世界上许多国家都十分注意保护历史名城。意大利的威尼斯完全保存了原来的风貌。法国巴黎旧城区基本保存了原有的布局。美国按照独立战争前的样子,恢复和保护了威廉斯堡十八世纪风光的古城镇。日本在一九七一年专门发布了《关于古都历史风土保存的特别措施法》。苏联在一九四九年公布了历史名城名单,把这些城市置于建筑纪念物管理总局的特殊监督之下。 经过商议和征求有关省市自治区建委、文物局、文化局、城建局的意见,我们选择了二十四个有重大历史价值和革命意义的城市(名单附后),作为国家第一批历史文化名城(台湾省的历史文化名城待台湾回归祖国后另行公布),加强管理和保护。对于这些城市,我们的意见是: 一、城市的性质和发展方向,要根据其历史特点和在国民经济中的地位与作用加以确定。
The following text was retrieved from the National People's Congress Web site on February 21, 2013.
The following text was retrieved from the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China Web site on March 18, 2013.