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2025 Annual Report

December 12, 2025

Congressional-Executive Commission on China

2025 ANNUAL REPORT

[Full PDF]

Section I. Table of Contents 

Section II. Executive Summary

Section III. Respect for Civil Liberties 

Chapter 1—Freedom of Expression

Chapter 2—Civil Society and Social Movements

Chapter 3—Freedom of Religion 

Section IV. Rule of Law in the Justice System 

Chapter 4—Criminal Justice

Section V. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 

Chapter 5—Governance 

Section VI. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons 

Chapter 6—Ethnic Minority Rights

Chapter 7—Status of Women

Chapter 8—Population Control

Chapter 9—Human Trafficking

Section VII. Worker Rights 

Chapter 10—Worker Rights 

Section VIII. Other Thematic Issues 

Chapter 11—The Environment

Chapter 12—Business and Human Rights

Chapter 13—Technology and Human Rights

Section IX. Tibet 

Chapter 14—Tibet

Section X. Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Chapter 15—Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Section XI. Hong Kong and Macau

Chapter 16—Hong Kong and Macau 

Section XII. Human Rights Violations in the U.S. and Globally 

Chapter 17—Human Rights Violations in the U.S. and Globally

Section XIII. Additional Commissioner Views